Abstract: The article summarizes the concept of agricultural product logistics and the diversity, seasonality, unidirectionality and other characteristics of agricultural product logistics varieties. It briefly describes the main participants of agricultural product logistics parks such as farmers, wholesalers, agricultural product processing enterprises, and retailers; Market-oriented, agricultural product production as the basis, and processing value-added as the goal of three aspects of agricultural product logistics park characteristics, analysis of agricultural product logistics organization management and control functions and economic development functions, brief description of China's agricultural product logistics park development status and production, marketing Local-oriented development model, elaborating on the main problems such as lack of scientific planning, infrastructure, support policies, profit model and other problems in the development of China's agricultural product logistics park; from systematic management objectives, market-oriented management mechanisms, integrated logistics services, and products Circulation standardization, process control informatization, etc., explore strategies to promote the development of China's agricultural product logistics park.

1. Meaning, main body and main characteristics of agricultural product logistics park

( 1) The meaning of agricultural product logistics park

Agricultural product logistics parks mainly refer to agglomeration industrial parks, which are gradually formed by organizing logistics transportation of related agricultural products, adjusting logistics facilities and functions, improving agricultural product logistics services, and gathering processing companies.In the entire agricultural product logistics process, The characteristics of specialization, functionalization and scale are more obvious, which in turn helps to continuously optimize the logistics resources of agricultural products.

(2) Relevant participants in the agricultural product logistics park

1. a farmer

As a producer of agricultural products, farmers are also direct suppliers. Throughout the entire logistics process of agricultural products, as a starting point, according to the development needs of objective markets, its main function is to produce agricultural products that can meet the basic needs of consumers in a timely manner. In the logistics transportation of agricultural products, agricultural products are gradually put in.

2. Wholesalers

In the process of agricultural product logistics, as an extremely important subject in modern times, the wholesalers are mainly responsible for providing the relevant agricultural products that have been collected in time to the relevant retail enterprises, or processing enterprises, or direct sales by themselves.

3. Agricultural products processing enterprises

In the modern agricultural product logistics transportation, agricultural product processing enterprises as the core subject, relying on in-depth understanding and development of consumer needs, and then production, storage, preservation, transportation, and ultimately realize the value-added of agricultural products, for the relevant agricultural products, can really make it into Consumer goods for residents.

4. Retail groups

For those agricultural products obtained from many processing enterprises, wholesalers and farmers, retailers are mainly responsible for quickly selling them to the consumers, and then the final link of the entire agricultural product logistics is gradually completed.

(3) Main features of agricultural product logistics park

1. Market-led

As far as the vast number of agricultural product logistics parks are concerned, specific development needs to be supported, the optimization and integration of agricultural product raw materials are continuously strengthened, and the core competitiveness of the park is strived to be built to promote the individualized, industrialized and standardized competitive advantages of the logistics park Exertion, based on the guarantee of quality, promotes the formation of a complete logistics industry chain of agricultural products.

2. Effectively rely on agricultural production

In the market competition, China's traditional agricultural product production model is relatively scattered, and it is difficult to obtain a competitive advantage.Through effectively grasping market demand, on the basis of fully grasping the market channels, the agricultural product logistics park can build a main production base of agricultural products based on demand, which promotes The large-scale production of agricultural products has been realized, which has continually reduced the production cost of agricultural products and continuously improved the quality of agricultural products.

3. Promote the realization of value-added processing

As far as the vast agricultural product logistics parks are concerned, a very important responsibility they bear is that they must change many of the problems existing in traditional agricultural product logistics, including the problems of high costs and low value-added products. The application of logistics technology and fresh-keeping technology, actively use faster logistics and higher resource utilization, and gradually realize the value-added of agricultural products.

2. The main problems in the development of my country's agricultural product logistics park

(1) The overall planning is not scientific

Although China has produced some agricultural product logistics parks with relatively high levels of development, from the perspective of the current state of the country, long-term scientific planning schemes have not been effectively implemented in agricultural product logistics parks. Land development is an important means of economic development. In addition, in view of the construction status, some localities blindly constructed agricultural product logistics parks, lacking effective support from the origin and sales areas. The foundation of a developed logistics network is not available at the location of the park. Words, like a mirage. There is a clear lack of marketing and publicity, and efficient agricultural product sales channels have not been effectively established. For logistics service providers and agricultural product distributors, it is difficult to attract them to settle in large numbers.In the entire agricultural product logistics park, it eventually leads to continuous reduction in operating efficiency. The vacancy rate continues to increase.

(2) Infrastructure needs to be further improved

For agricultural product logistics parks, in order to promote their complete functions and achieve efficient operation, in general logistics parks, for water supply, power supply, roads, communications, etc., first of all, there must be universal infrastructure needs. At the same time, As far as infrastructure needs are concerned, there must be characteristics that meet the logistics operation of agricultural products. In many agricultural product logistics parks, the construction of our country has not yet considered the individuality of agricultural product logistics, including cold storage, cold chain logistics, etc., often lacking a series of agricultural product logistics infrastructure configuration. In other words, in the end, efficient and scientific processing and logistics distribution cannot be achieved, and the added value of agricultural products cannot be increased. In terms of its main functions, it is mainly equivalent to a slightly larger farmers’ market. In addition, for some agricultural product logistics parks, it is far from catching up with the basic pace of market development, the lack of introduction and utilization of advanced technologies, and the rarely applied e-commerce, Internet of Things and modern management technologies for agricultural products, ultimately leading to the entire The logistics efficiency of the park is low and the logistics costs continue to rise. For the development of agricultural product logistics, the park eventually loses its basic capabilities.

(3) Lack of perfect support policy

The overall risk of the agricultural product logistics market is very high, and policy support is very necessary. Therefore, in the course of the entire practice, while developing, in terms of substantial policy support, many domestic agricultural product logistics parks have not been acquired. For ordinary logistics parks, some local governments confuse agricultural product logistics parks with traditional agricultural product logistics parks and provide expensive pricing for modern agricultural product logistics parks. There are few policies on investment and financing, the speed of project approval is too slow, and it has a low level of investment promotion and development. From the perspective of government functions, the transformation speed in some places is very slow. For the development of the entire agricultural product logistics park, its service initiative and enthusiasm are very low, and many service departments lack the necessary service measures. Among the parks, many construction standards eventually suffered serious shrinkage. These defects directly reduced the speed and efficiency of the construction of agricultural product logistics parks.

(4) Lack of scientific profit model

Comparing agricultural product logistics parks in China and abroad, agricultural product logistics parks in developed countries have more value-added. It relies on the industrial chain and complete services to add value. They have gradually realized profitability. This also makes it necessary to provide multiple services that can add value. In the overall development process of domestic agricultural product logistics parks, usually relying on leasing, the local government can obtain rents, and then provide enterprises that have settled in agricultural product logistics parks with appropriate services, so as to achieve the purpose of corporate profitability. These services mainly include the construction of parking lots to provide parking services, the construction of restaurants and entertainment venues to provide accommodation, catering and entertainment services, and the construction of car beauty shops to provide car repair and maintenance services for settled enterprises. As far as the current profit-making methods are concerned, the added value of the services provided is not high, there is a lack of value-added space, and at the same time it exposes the relatively backward logistics level. At the same time, as far as the entire market body is concerned, it is impossible to mobilize the enthusiasm for continuously improving its self-worth. For the value-added of the entire agricultural product industry chain, the general effect of the modern agricultural product logistics park is not easy to exert.

3. Suggestions on promoting the development of my country's agricultural product logistics park

(1) Set systematic management goals

The logistics system is composed of many functions and links. It is a cross-departmental comprehensive system. As far as logistics is concerned, it is a process that continuously promotes the rationalization of logistics. For the logistics system, it must be considered as a system for research. , Linking its links, designing and managing the implementation as a whole, giving full play to its system functions and efficiency, and improving the overall economic level of logistics. The decentralized logistics link will eventually lead to rising logistics costs, which is mainly manifested in the fact that the inventory level is high in each link, and the cost of logistics is constantly raised; too slow speed, too many circulation links, too The long circulation time, for such reasons, not only reduces the efficiency of the entire logistics development, but also leads to a continuous increase in inventory pressure, which accelerates the overall turnover speed of many logistics equipment and makes it difficult to increase utilization; In the entire logistics process, cargo damage and cargo difference are large, because there is not enough warehouse capacity, which leads to the need to improve the entire storage conditions, the lack of reasonable loading and unloading and handling, but also reduces the packaging strength, resulting in significant loss of goods in logistics transportation Exceed the stipulated standards and increase logistics costs in a large scale. With the continuous improvement of China's current market economy system and international free trade system, within the scope of the entire socio-economic system, a relatively complex industrial system structure has gradually been formed, and it has begun to penetrate each other between various industries, and then integrated into a Unity. In the entire construction process of the agricultural product logistics park, it is necessary to integrate various logistics links and integrate and utilize multiple logistics resources according to the overall characteristics of the entire agricultural industry system.

(2) Construct a market-oriented operating mechanism

The park must be market-oriented, and the operating mechanism should be market-oriented. For the logistics park, its survival depends entirely on the market. If the market demand is relatively lacking, those companies in the park will lose the opportunity to continue to develop and cannot make efficient use of logistics resources. When all logistics parks are put into use, it is the logistics companies that enter the park that play a leading role. As far as the entire park is concerned, the success of its operation and whether the market needs to be sufficient is the key to it. For an enterprise, is there a corresponding Profit margins. For the direction of the entire park, the market needs to make a final decision, but for the entire park, for the need to improve the entire market, in terms of its rapid growth and innovative development, it will in turn continue to have a stimulating effect, and then Forming a benign development cycle, the development space of the park will eventually be sustainable. Based on the final needs, actively build the supply chain of agricultural products, eliminate related and ineffective logistics activities as much as possible, and give full play to the leading role of consumers. During the development of the entire supply chain, readjust the cooperation of each partner. Function, in the middle and downstream of the supply chain, relying on the demand time limit, variety structure and overall number, etc., to plan the entire logistics operation system and process, which in turn promotes the establishment of a new set of management and control systems, the speed of response continues to accelerate, to ensure effective product distribution ,timely. In the supply chain, based on the integrated management atmosphere, it is necessary to form a relatively objective business standard and evaluation system for product-related factors. At the same time, actively use appropriate methods and technologies to promote the continuous improvement of the operation effect of the supply chain system, and thus continue to reduce the overall operating cost.

(3) Provide integrated logistics services

Relying on related services to promote the continuous increase in the added value of products, as far as the entire process of forming such added value is concerned, the physical and chemical labor and live labor based on input are ultimately formed through transformation. Relying on value-added services, for many modern logistics companies, the integrated service industry has a significant feature, that is, within a modern logistics company, the foundation of multiple industries and technology can be highly integrated. Therefore, the construction and management of the park need to fully integrate the relevant logistics resources, so as to continuously improve the level of comprehensive logistics services.In the process of resource integration, from the perspective of the supply chain, we must continue to work closely with various participants. The entire supply chain must be arranged in an orderly manner. For logistics services, it must be gradually and continuously developed from functional to comprehensive. As far as the agricultural product logistics in the United States is concerned, the main advantage lies in the relatively high degree of socialization in each link of the logistics chain. The refrigeration industry in the Netherlands is relatively mature. It ranks first in the world in terms of both the per capita refrigeration level and the volume of freezing capacity. The country widely has advanced refrigeration technology equipment. During the transportation and storage of agricultural products, it can fully ensure the product’s high quality. The park has actively built a comprehensive service system from the following aspects: first, as far as the entire information service is concerned, a public information platform and information department have been established in the park, for the latest industry information at home and abroad, as well as relevant macro Various information such as industrial country policies can be regularly released. At the same time, for some enterprises and customers in the park, they must also provide relevant information query services free of charge; secondly, in terms of the entire logistics service, logistics foundation The facilities are built in the park in a unified manner, and the logistics resources of the related companies in the park are fully integrated, thereby continuously reducing logistics costs; again, as far as the entire technical service is concerned, a technical training service center is established in the park based on a variety of agricultural products Circulation services, technical consultation and training in all aspects can be actively carried out to provide the necessary technical services and support for related companies and customers in the park.

(4) Equipped with standardized product circulation service system

At present, as far as the level of my country's agricultural product standardization is concerned, the level of development is still not high. For example, in the field of warehousing and transportation, there is a general lack of uniform industry standards and norms. The label is not clear enough for the entire agricultural product logistics industry. When exchanging electronic data related to the circulation industry, there is still a lack of a unified industry standard, and the bar code application rate of many commodities is not high. For many agricultural products, a unified industry grade standard has not yet been formed. In terms of standardization, in many agricultural product logistics parks, it can be promoted from the following aspects: First, regarding the standardization of related facilities and equipment, it is usually mainly based on logistics equipment. For multiple current national information Standards are widely absorbed. At the same time, some related supporting standards have also been actively formulated. From the perspective of logistics standardization, it can make it possible to reflect the effective coordination of information flow and logistics. Secondly, with the rapid development of standardized information and data exchange, products are also becoming increasingly barcoded. As far as the relevant national departments are concerned, they have extensively participated in the construction process of the public logistics information service system, which has effectively promoted the construction of shared public information platforms for enterprises in the park, and gradually realized standardized logistics information exchange protocols and automated logistics information collection. , Gradually realize the sharing and interaction of logistics information among related companies.

(5) Control information processing

At present, the wide application of information technology can greatly reduce the overall time of information exchange, which in turn promotes the accuracy of information transmission. In circulation, including barcode systems, especially the active application of electronic data exchange and electronic Some computer technology and modern information technology such as ordering procedures. Using logistics POS data, barcode systems and electronic ordering procedures, retailers can read various electronic replenishment technologies in time, and then share sales information, inventory information, and cost information, etc., and gradually conduct in-depth cooperation with relevant suppliers in the park, and then based on Information sharing effectively promotes the efficient operation of the supply chain. While establishing a business management and control system, park enterprises can also establish distribution center management and control systems, warehousing management and control systems, and channel sales management systems. At the same time, they are closely connected with external network systems to promote the formation of a one-stop full-process logistics network platform. Whether in the company's upstream or downstream, or in the park, the close connection of the logistics alliance's information system must be finally realized, and business information sharing must eventually be realized, to ensure the integration and standardization of business processing, and to upgrade plans during business operations Sex, making the automation and intelligence of business processing gradually realized. Using information systems to control the entire business process, the company has also established a rapid response system, which has continued to reduce inventory and storage costs.

The article is reproduced in the Beijing Logistics Engineering Design Institute

Author: Yang Yong Wang Yuling

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